Safety aspects of hydrogen: Why are they important for the future energy system?

The Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences SATW has published a new scientific article dedicated to a key topic of the energy future: the safety of hydrogen. In his report, Prof Wolfgang Kröger (ETH Zurich and SATW) sheds light on the opportunities and risks associated with the increased use of green hydrogen in Switzerland.

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Translated with DeepL

Green hydrogen is considered an important building block for decarbonisation and the long-term security of supply in Switzerland. While the potential and necessary steps for the development of a Switzerland-wide hydrogen infrastructure are already being discussed intensively, the new article clearly shows that there are considerable gaps in knowledge and an urgent need for action when it comes to safety.

The most important findings at a glance:

  • High safety requirements: Due to its small molecular size, hydrogen can escape through even the smallest leaks. At the same time, it is highly flammable and has a wide explosion range - properties that require special safety measures.
  • Increasing demand increases risks: With the expansion of a hydrogen economy, the demand for green hydrogen is rising sharply. New technologies and processes are needed, but these can harbour new potential risks.
  • Trial-and-error is not an option: According to Kröger, developing safety-relevant systems on a trial-and-error basis is risky. Accidents not only cause damage, but also jeopardise the social acceptance of the energy source.
  • Holistic system view required: For a safe hydrogen supply, the entire value and transformation chain must be considered - from production to transport and utilisation. Safety and risk management must be an integral part of these systems.
  • More research and clear regulation needed: The article emphasises that increased scientific and technological efforts are necessary. At the same time, legislators and regulatory authorities are called upon to create suitable framework conditions.

With this new publication, SATW provides an important impetus for an objective and future-oriented discussion on hydrogen in the Swiss energy supply - and calls for safety to be considered from the outset.

The complete article can be found on the Technology Outlook website. It complements the article on hydrogen.